To establish negligence, which outcome must be proven?

• A. Was assaulted
• B. Incurred damages
• C. Suffered a wrongful death
• D. Was not consulted before being touched

Answer: (B)

The essential requirement in a negligence claim is proving damages—the harm or loss that resulted from the alleged care breach. In negligence, you must establish four elements: a duty of care, a breach of that duty, causation linking the breach to the harm, and damages. Without damages, there is no remedy, so the claim cannot succeed.

Damages cover both economic losses (medical expenses, lost wages) and non-economic harms (pain and suffering, emotional distress). The other options describe outcomes or situations (assault, wrongful death, lack of consent) that may relate to different legal concepts, but they do not constitute the required outcome to establish negligence itself.