Restraint use in hospitalized patients is most likely to result in which complication?

• A. Pulling out an endotracheal tube
• B. Pulling out an intravenous line
• C. Disconnecting ventilator tubing
• D. Developing a nosocomial infection

Answer: (D)

Restraints increase risk of infection because they limit movement and make it harder to maintain skin integrity and hygiene. The restricted mobility leads to skin breakdown under the restraint, moisture buildup, and pressure injuries, all of which can become contaminated and develop into a nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection. In addition, restrained patients often have indwelling devices (catheters, IV lines, possibly endotracheal tubes) that can serve as entry points for pathogens, and reduced mobility impairs normal clearance of secretions and spores, further raising infection risk. While patients may occasionally pull on tubes or lines, the overall and more common complication associated with restraint use is the development of a hospital-acquired infection. To minimize risk, use restraints only when absolutely necessary, monitor skin and circulation closely, practice meticulous hygiene, and reassess daily to discontinue restraints as soon as safely possible.